Onychomycose
Résumé
L’onychomycose est la maladie des ongles la plus courante, touchant environ 6,7% de la population canadienne générale, et jusqu’à la moitié de la population âgée de plus de 70 ans. Elle peut être classée en divers sous-types, et sa sévérité peut aller de légère à grave, avec des degrés variables d’hyperkératose, d’onycholyse et de décoloration. Les dermatophytes sont les plus pathogènes. Les moisissures non dermatophytes (MND) peuvent inclure Scopulariopsis brevicaulis, Acremonium spp., Aspergillus spp., Fusarium et Neoscytalidium, et sont plus courantes dans les climats chauds. Les levures telles que le candida peuvent également être une cause. Les facteurs de risque comprennent les traumatismes de l’ongle, le diabète, le psoriasis, la génétique, l’immunosuppression, l’obésité, le tabagisme et l’âge avancé. L’onychomycose peut parfois provoquer des douleurs importantes et une détresse psychologique en raison de sa nature souvent défigurante. Compte tenu de l’âge avancé des patients, de leur présentation tardive dans un cabinet de dermatologie, parfois des décennies plus tard, le traitement peut souvent être difficile. À cela s’ajoutent des présentations telles que les dermatophytomes, qui présentent des abcès avec des stries longitudinales blanches, jaunes, orange ou brunes.
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